BA in Environmental and Sustainability Studies (CHSS)

This degree provides students with theoretical and practical knowledge of three aspects of environmental and sustainability studies: people, prosperity, and planet.

Catalog Year: 2023-2024

Banner Code: LA-BA-EVSS

Green Leaf

The BA in Environmental and Sustainability Studies is a joint program between the College of Humanities and Social Sciences and the College of Science.

This degree provides students with theoretical and practical knowledge of three aspects of environmental and sustainability studies: people, prosperity, and planet. In addition to required core courses, students develop more in-depth knowledge in their choice of concentration. This degree prepares students for employment and graduate study in fields related to social justice, business and public policy, and environmental protection as they relate to the environment and sustainability.

This is a Green Leaf program

The University Catalog is the authoritative source for information on program requirements and courses. The Schedule of Classes is the authoritative source for information on classes scheduled for this semester. See the Schedule for the most up-to-date information and see Patriot web to register for classes. Requirements may be different for earlier catalog years. See the University Catalog archives.

Degree Requirements

Total credits: minimum 120

This is a Green Leaf program.

Students should be aware of the specific policies associated with this program, located on the Admissions & Policies tab.

Of the credits required for this degree, 14 credits simultaneously fulfill core requirements for the major and Mason Core requirements, and, depending on the concentration and electives chosen, up to 9 credits may simultaneously fulfill Mason Core requirements and college BA requirements.

Core Courses in the Major

Environmental Science and Society  
EVPP 377 Applied Ecology 3
And completion of one of the following sequences: 1 11-12
Ecosphere - Introduction to Environmental Science I-Lecture (Mason Core)
and Ecosphere- Introduction to Environmental Science I- Lab (Mason Core)
and Ecosphere: Introduction to Environmental Science II-Lecture (Mason Core)
and Ecosphere: Introduction to Environmental Science II–Lab (Mason Core)
and Tackling Wicked Problems in Society the Environment
 
or  
Environmental Biology: Molecules and Cells
and Environmental Science: Biological Diversity and Ecosystems
and Environmental Science: Biomes and Human Dimensions
 
Individual and Group Behavior  
INTS 334 Environmental Justice (Mason Core) 4
Business and Public Policy  
Select one course from the following: 3
Economics for the Citizen (Mason Core)  
Contemporary Microeconomic Principles (Mason Core)  
Environmental Economics for the Citizen (Mason Core)  
EVPP 322 Business and Sustainability 3
EVPP 361 Introduction to Environmental Policy 2 3
or GOVT 361 Introduction to Environmental Policy
Statistics  
Select one course from the following: 3-4
Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (Mason Core)  
Biostatistics for Biology Majors  
Introductory Statistics I (Mason Core)  
Integration, Analysis, Innovation  
INTS 210 Sustainable World (Mason Core) 4
EVPP 480 Sustainability in Action (Mason Core) 4
Select one course from the following: 3
International Internship (Mason Core) (minimum of 3 credits required)  
Experiential Learning (minimum of 3 credits required)  
Experiential Learning (minimum of 3 credits required)  
Internship (minimum of 3 credits required)  
Undergraduate Research in Environmental Science and Policy (minimum of 3 credits required)  
Internship (minimum of 3 credits required)  
Total Credits 41-43

Concentration in the Major

Available Concentrations

  • Concentration in Business and Sustainability (BUSU)
  • Concentration in Climate Change and Society (CCSO)
  • Concentration in Conservation and Sustainability (CSUS)
  • Concentration in Environmental Policy (EVP)
  • Concentration in Equity and Environmental Justice (EQEJ)
  • Concentration in Sustainable Food and Agriculture (SFG)

Concentration in Business and Sustainability (BUSU)

The requirements for this concentration, depending on the electives chosen, may satisfy the college BA requirement in philosophy and religious studies (PHIL 243 Global Environmental Ethics (Mason Core)PHIL 305 Business Ethics).

Students who have already taken and received credit for OSCM 303 Operations Management shall substitute it for MBUS 306 Managing Projects and Operations. Both courses cannot be taken for credit. Students who have taken and received credit for both ACCT 203 Survey of Accounting and FNAN 303 Financial Management shall substitute the combination for MBUS 300 Accounting in a Global Economy. All three courses cannot be taken for credit.

Core Courses
Required Courses  
MBUS 300 Accounting in a Global Economy 3
MBUS 306 Managing Projects and Operations 3
MGMT 303 Principles of Management 3
Additional Course  
Select one course (3 credits) from the following: 3
Food-Energy-Water-Climate Nexus  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Social Innovation in Action  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Entrepreneurship: Starting and Managing a New Enterprise  
Introduction to Entrepreneurship  
Special Topics in Environmental Science and Policy (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Selected Topics in Environmental Science (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Total Credits 12
Two Courses
Select two courses (6 credits) from the following: 6
Environmental Economics  
Economics of Environmental Policy  
Intermediate Environmental Policy  
Geographic Approaches for Sustainable Development  
Leadership Theory and Practice  
Global Environmental Ethics (Mason Core)  
Business Ethics  
Other course work with advisor approval
 
Total Credits 6

Concentration in Climate Change and Society (CCSO)

The requirements for this concentration, depending on the electives chosen, may satisfy the college BA requirement in philosophy and religious studies (PHIL 243 Global Environmental Ethics (Mason Core)PHIL 343 Topics in Environmental Philosophy (Mason Core)).

Required Courses
CLIM 101 Global Warming: Weather, Climate, and Society (Mason Core) 3-4
or GGS 121 Dynamic Atmosphere and Hydrosphere (Mason Core)
EVPP 432 Energy Policy 3
EVPP 436 Politics of Climate Change Governance 3
Total Credits 9-10
Three Courses
Select three courses (9 credits) from the following: 9
Archaeology of Climate Change  
Introduction to Global Climate Change Science (Mason Core)  
Severe and Extreme Weather  
Air Pollution  
Intermediate Environmental Policy  
RS: Ecological Sustainability (Mason Core)  
Nature and Culture in Global Wetlands (Mason Core)  
Food-Energy-Water-Climate Nexus  
Urban Ecosystems and Processes  
Special Topics in Environmental Science and Policy (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Selected Topics in Environmental Science (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Global Environmental Hazards  
Population Geography (Mason Core)  
Urban Geography  
Introduction to Weather and Climate  
Physical Climatology  
Severe and Extreme Weather  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Global Environmental Ethics (Mason Core) 1  
Topics in Environmental Philosophy (Mason Core) 1  
Other course work with advisor approval
 
Total Credits 9

Concentration in Conservation and Sustainability (CSUS)

Smithsonian-Mason Program

Students complete one of the programs offered through the Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation in cooperation with the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute.

Conservation, Biodiversity and Society Option (16 credits)
CONS 320 Conservation in Practice 3
CONS 401 Conservation Theory 3
CONS 402 Applied Conservation 4
CONS 410 Human Dimensions in Conservation (Mason Core) 3
CONS 490 RS: Integrated Conservation Strategies (Mason Core) 3
Total Credits 16
Wildlife, Ecology, and Conservation Option (16 credits)

Offered only in Fall semesters, students complete four required courses:

CONS 400 Conservation Seminar 2
CONS 404 Biodiversity Monitoring 4
CONS 405 Landscape and Macrosystems Ecology 4
CONS 496 Research in Conservation (Mason Core) 6
Total Credits 16
Endangered Species and Conservation Option (16 credits)

Offered only in Spring semesters, students complete four required courses:

CONS 400 Conservation Seminar 2
CONS 406 Small Population Management 4
CONS 491 RS: Conservation Management Planning (Mason Core) 4
CONS 496 Research in Conservation (Mason Core) 6
Total Credits 16
Three Credits
Select a minimum of three credits from the following: 3
Insect Biology (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Introductory Animal Behavior  
Environmental Policy Making in Developing Countries  
Freshwater Ecosystems  
Ecological Engineering and Ecosystem Restoration  
Nature and Culture in Global Wetlands (Mason Core)  
lntegrated Environmental Assessment  
Mushrooms, Molds and Society  
Marine Mammal Biology and Conservation  
Marine Conservation  
Beekeeping and Sustainability  
Conservation Medicine  
Fundamentals of Environmental Geographic Information Systems  
Energy Policy  
Food-Energy-Water-Climate Nexus  
Politics of Climate Change Governance  
Ornithology  
Mammalogy  
Herpetology  
Marine Ecology  
Fungi and Ecosystems  
Infectious Diseases of Wildlife  
Global Biodiversity Governance  
Geography of Resource Conservation (Mason Core)  
Geographic Approaches for Sustainable Development  
Biogeography  
Introduction to Conservation Studies (Mason Core)  
Science in the News (Mason Core)  
Social Movements and Community Activism (Mason Core)  
The Mysteries of Migration: Consequences for Conservation (Mason Core)  
The Nonprofit Sector (Mason Core)  
Sustainable Food Systems  
Food Systems and Policy (Mason Core)  
Conservation Biology (Mason Core)  
Conservation Behavior (Mason Core)  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Special Topics in Environmental Science and Policy (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Selected Topics in Environmental Science (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Other course work with advisor approval
 
Total Credits 3

Concentration in Environmental Policy (EVP)

The requirements for this concentration satisfy the Mason Core requirement in social and behavioral science (ECON 104 Contemporary Macroeconomic Principles (Mason Core)) and, depending on the elective chosen, may fulfill the college BA requirement in non-Western culture (ECON 362 African Economic Development (Mason Core)).

Required Courses

Completion of these courses will satisfy the Mason Core social and behavioral science requirement.

EVPP 338 Economics of Environmental Policy 3
EVPP 362 Intermediate Environmental Policy 3
or GOVT 362 Intermediate Environmental Policy
GOVT 351 Administration in the Political System 3
Total Credits 9
Nine Credits
Select a minimum of nine credits from the following: 9
Environment and Culture  
Politics and the Mass Media  
Global Conflict Analysis and Resolution (Mason Core)  
Contemporary Microeconomic Principles (Mason Core) (if not used to meet the Business and Public Policy core requirement)  
Contemporary Macroeconomic Principles (Mason Core)  
Intermediate Microeconomics  
Intermediate Macroeconomics  
Public Finance  
Introduction to Econometrics  
Economics of Developing Areas (Mason Core)  
Game Theory and Economics of Institutions  
Environmental Policy Making in Developing Countries  
Directed Topic in Environmental Science and Policy  
lntegrated Environmental Assessment  
Energy Policy  
Earth Science and Policy (Mason Core)  
Economic Geography  
Geographic Approaches for Sustainable Development  
Legislative Behavior  
International Political Economy  
Urban Planning  
Public Policy Making  
Administrative Law and Procedures  
Issues in Public Policy and Administration  
The Nonprofit Sector (Mason Core)  
Food Systems and Policy (Mason Core)  
Special Topics in Environmental Science and Policy (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Selected Topics in Environmental Science (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Other course work with advisor approval
 
Total Credits 9

Concentration in Equity and Environmental Justice (EQEJ)

Required Courses
EVPP 362 Intermediate Environmental Policy 3
EVPP 436 Politics of Climate Change Governance 3
INTS 336 Poverty, Wealth and Inequality in the US (Mason Core) 3
INTS 337 Social Justice Consciousness and Action 3
Total Credits 12
Six Credits
Select a minimum of six credits from the following: 6
Environment and Culture  
Human Rights and Inequality  
Food-Energy-Water-Climate Nexus  
Population Geography (Mason Core)  
Geographic Approaches for Sustainable Development  
Human Rights  
Social Movements and Community Activism (Mason Core)  
The Nonprofit Sector (Mason Core)  
Social Justice and Human Rights (Mason Core)  
Plants and People - Sustenance, Ceremony, and Sustainability  
Social Innovation in Action  
Globalization and Social Change (Mason Core)  
Social Inequality (Mason Core)  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Special Topics in Environmental Science and Policy (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Selected Topics in Environmental Science (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Other course work with advisor approval
 
Total Credits 6

Concentration in Sustainable Food and Agriculture (SFG)

Required Courses
INTS 370 Sustainable Food Systems 6
INTS 371 Food Systems and Policy (Mason Core) 3
INTS 470 Professional Pathways in Sustainable Food Systems 1
Total Credits 10
Eight Credits
Select a minimum of eight credits from the following: 8
Food and Human Evolution  
Food and Culture  
Plant Diversity and Evolution  
Plant Ecology  
Nature and Culture in Global Wetlands (Mason Core)  
Beekeeping and Sustainability  
Food-Energy-Water-Climate Nexus  
Politics of Climate Change Governance  
Geography of Resource Conservation (Mason Core)  
The Nonprofit Sector (Mason Core)  
Plants and People - Sustenance, Ceremony, and Sustainability  
Introduction to Nutrition (Mason Core)  
Global Nutrition and Food Security  
Taste and Place  
Food Security  
Community Nutrition  
Urban Agriculture  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Special Topics (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Special Topics in Environmental Science and Policy (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Selected Topics in Environmental Science (when topic is relevant with approval)  
Other course work with advisor approval
 
Total Credits 8

Writing-Intensive Requirement

The university requires all students to complete at least one course designated as "writing intensive" in their major at the 300 level or above. Students majoring in environmental and sustainability studies should consult an advisor to learn how to fulfill this requirement.

Upper Level Requirement

Students seeking a bachelor’s degree must apply at least 45 credits of upper-level courses (numbered 300 or above) toward graduation requirements.

Additional Electives

Any remaining credits may be completed with elective courses to bring the degree total to 120.

College Level Requirements for the BA Degree

In addition to the Mason Core program, students pursuing a BA degree must complete the coursework below. Except where expressly prohibited, a course used to fulfill a college level requirement may also be used simultaneously to satisfy other requirements (Mason Core requirements or requirements for the major).

Philosophy or Religious Studies
Select 3 credits from the following: 3
 
 
1

Note that the following courses may not be used to fulfill this requirement:

  • PHIL 323 Classical Western Political Theory 
  • PHIL 324 Modern Western Political Theory 
  • PHIL 327 Contemporary Western Political Theory 
  • PHIL 393 Humanities College to Career 
  • PHIL 460 Senior Seminar in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics


Additionally, PHIL 253RELI 235RELI 333, and RELI 339 cannot be used to fulfill both the philosophy/religious studies requirement and the Mason Core literature requirement.

Social and Behavioral Sciences
Select 3 credits of social and behavioral sciences from the following (additional to the Mason Core social and behavioral sciences requirement) 1 3
ANTH  
CRIM  
ECON  
GOVT  
HIST 2  
LING  
PSYC  
SOCI  
Or choose from the following GGS courses:  
Major World Regions (Mason Core)  
Human Geography (Mason Core)  
Introduction to Geoinformation Technologies  
Political Geography (Mason Core)  
Geography of Resource Conservation (Mason Core)  
GGS 304
Population Geography (Mason Core)  
GGS 305
Economic Geography  
Urban Geography  
Geography of the United States  
Geography of Latin America  
Geography of Europe  
Geography of North Africa and the Middle East  
Geography of Eastern Europe and Russia  
Urban Planning  
Geography of Virginia  
1

The two courses used to fulfill the combined college and Mason Core requirements must be from different disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. 

2

HIST 100 and HIST 125 may not be used to fulfill this requirement.

Foreign Language
Intermediate-level proficiency in one foreign language, fulfilled by: 1  
 
Or achieving a satisfactory score on an approved proficiency test
 
Or completing the following ASL three course sequence:
 
EDSE 115
American Sign Language (ASL) I  
EDSE 116
American Sign Language (ASL) II  
EDSE 219
American Sign Language (ASL) III  
1

Students who are already proficient in a second language may be eligible for a waiver of this requirement. Additional information on waivers can be found at the Office of Undergraduate Academic Affairs.

Non-Western Culture

Select 3 credits of an approved course in the study of a non-Western culture (additional to the Mason Core requirement in global understanding)

Select 3 credits (additional to Mason Core Global Understanding requirement) 1  
     
ANTH 114 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (Mason Core) 3
ANTH 300 Civilizations 3
ANTH 302 Peoples and Cultures of Latin America (Mason Core) 3
ANTH 307 Ancient Mesoamerica (Mason Core) 3
ANTH 308 Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East (Mason Core) 3
ANTH 309 Peoples and Cultures of India (Mason Core) 3
ANTH 313 Myth, Magic, and Mind (Mason Core) 3
ANTH 314 Zombies 3
ANTH 317 East Asian Cultures 3
ANTH 330 Peoples and Cultures of Selected Regions: Non-Western 3
ANTH 332 Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Globalization (Mason Core) 3
ANTH 381 Medical Anthropology 3
ANTH 396 Issues in Anthropology: Social Sciences (Mason Core) 3
ARAB 360 Topics in Arabic Cultural Production 3
ARAB 420 Survey of Arabic Literature 3
ARAB 440 Topics in Arabic Religious Thought and Texts (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 203 Survey of Asian Art (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 204 Survey of Latin American Art (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 206 Survey of African Art (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 318 Art and Archaeology of Ancient Egypt 3
ARTH 319 Art and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 320 Art of the Islamic World (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 382 Arts of India (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 383 Arts of Southeast Asia (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 384 Arts of China (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 385 Arts of Japan (Mason Core) 3
ARTH 482 RS: Advanced Studies in Asian Art 3
CHIN 318 Introduction to Classical Chinese (Mason Core) 3
CHIN 320 Contemporary Chinese Film 3
CHIN 325 Major Chinese Writers (Mason Core) 3
CHIN 470 Special Topics in Chinese Studies 3
DANC 118 Global Dance Perspectives I (Mason Core) 3
ECON 361 Economic Development of Latin America (Mason Core) 3
ECON 362 African Economic Development (Mason Core) 3
FREN 454 Topics in Caribbean Francophone Literature and Culture 3
GGS 101 Major World Regions (Mason Core) 3
GGS 316 Geography of Latin America 3
GGS 317 Geography of China (Mason Core) 3
GGS 325 Geography of North Africa and the Middle East 3
GGS 399 Select Topics in GGS 3
GOVT 332 Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa 3
GOVT 333 Government and Politics of Asia 3
GOVT 338 Government and Politics of Russia 3
GOVT 340 Central Asian Politics 3
GOVT 341 Chinese Foreign Policy 3
GOVT 345 Islam and Politics 3
GOVT 433 Political Economy of East Asia 3
HIST 251 Survey of East Asian History (Mason Core) 3
HIST 252 Survey of East Asian History (Mason Core) 3
HIST 261 Survey of African History (Mason Core) 3
HIST 262 Survey of African History (Mason Core) 3
HIST 271 Survey of Latin American History (Mason Core) 3
HIST 272 Survey of Latin American History (Mason Core) 3
HIST 281 Survey of Middle Eastern Civilization (Mason Core) 3
HIST 282 Survey of Middle Eastern Civilization (Mason Core) 3
HIST 326 Stalinism 3
HIST 327 The Soviet Union and Russia Since World War II 3
HIST 328 Rise of Russia (Mason Core) 3
HIST 329 Modern Russia and the Soviet Union (Mason Core) 3
HIST 353 History of Traditional China 3
HIST 354 Modern China (Mason Core) 3
HIST 356 Modern Japan (Mason Core) 3
HIST 357 Postwar Japan (Mason Core) 3
HIST 358 Post-1949 China (Mason Core) 3
HIST 360 History of South Africa (Mason Core) 3
HIST 364 Revolution and Radical Politics in Latin America (Mason Core) 3
HIST 365 Conquest and Colonization in Latin America (Mason Core) 3
HIST 366 Comparative Slavery 3
HIST 387 Topics in Global History (Mason Core) 3-6
HIST 461 Arab-Israeli Conflict 3
HIST 462 Women in Islamic Society (Mason Core) 3
HIST 465 The Middle East in the 20th Century 3
JAPA 310 Japanese Culture in a Global World (Mason Core) 3
JAPA 340 Topics in Japanese Literature (Mason Core) 3
JAPA 380 Japan in Motion 3
KORE 300 Korean Culture and Society 3
KORE 320 Korean Popular Culture in a Global World 3
KORE 385 Introduction to Korean Linguistics 3
MUSI 103 Musics of the World (Mason Core) 3
RELI 211 Introduction to Religions of the "West" (Mason Core) 3
RELI 212 Introduction to Religions of Asia (Mason Core) 3
RELI 312 Islam 3
RELI 313 Hinduism (Mason Core) 3
RELI 314 Chinese Philosophies and Religious Traditions 3
RELI 315 Buddhism (Mason Core) 3
RELI 317 Daoism 3
RELI 318 Korean Philosophy and Religions 3
RELI 338 Qur'an and Hadith 3
RELI 342 Comparative Study of Mysticism 3
RELI 344 Muhammad: Life and Legacy 3
RELI 358 Islamic Thought (Mason Core) 3
RELI 367 Islamic Law, Society, and Ethics 3
RELI 368 Islam, Democracy, and Human Rights 3
RELI 490 Comparative Study of Religions (Mason Core) 3
RUSS 353 Russian Civilization (Mason Core) 3
RUSS 354 Contemporary Post-Soviet Life (Mason Core) 3
WMST 407 Transnational Sexualities 3
1

A course used to fulfill the Mason Core global understanding requirement may not be simultaneously used to satisfy this college-level requirement. A course used to fulfill this requirement may be used simultaneously to fulfill any other requirements (Mason Core requirements, college-level requirements, or requirements for the major). Additional information on waivers can be found at the Office of Undergraduate Academic Affairs.

Mason Core

Some Mason Core requirements may already be fulfilled by the major requirements listed above. Students are strongly encouraged to consult their advisors to ensure they fulfill all remaining Mason Core requirements.

Students who have completed the following credentials are eligible for a waiver of the Foundation and Exploration (lower level) requirement categories. The Integration category (upper level) is not waived under this policy. See Admissions for more information. 

  • VCCS Uniform Certificate of General Studies
  • VCCS or Richard Bland Associate of Science (A.S.), Associate of Arts (A.A.), Associate of Arts and Sciences (A.A.&S.), or Associate of Fine Arts (A.F.A.)
Foundation Requirements  
Written Communication (ENGH 101) 3
Oral Communication 3
Quantitative Reasoning 3
Information Technology and Computing 3
Exploration Requirements  
Arts 3
Global History 3
Global Understanding 3
Literature 3
Natural Science 7
Social and Behavioral Sciences 3
Integration Requirements  
Written Communications (ENGH 302) 3
Writing-Intensive 1 3
Synthesis/Capstone 2 3
Total Credits 40
1

Most programs include the writing-intensive course designated for the major as part of the major requirements; this course is therefore not counted towards the total required for Mason Core.

2

Minimum 3 credits required.